Usuli experts' theory of CONCEPTUAL IMPLICATION, on one hand, and the linguistic philosophers' theory of semantical IMPLICATION, on the other, can be the subject of a comparative study. Theory of CONCEPTUAL IMPLICATION is the basis of the semantic approach. CONCEPTUAL IMPLICATION is the transfer of mind from a term to its meaning regardless of the speaker's intention. Judicial IMPLICATION is the transfer of mind from a term to the speaker's intended meaning. Semantics is closer to the theory of CONCEPTUAL IMPLICATION because semantics is the study of meaning independent of the speaker or author’s intention. Pragmatics is closer to theory of judicial IMPLICATION because pragmatics is the study of meaning based on the speaker or author’s intention. Of all theories of semantical signification, the use theory of meaning is closer to the theory of CONCEPTUAL IMPLICATION because according to both theories, language and the use of terms are socially rule-governed activities. What's more, both theories claim that phrases and terms acquire their meaning through their multiple usages and functions in society.

As one of the branches of new art being practiced independently, the CONCEPTUAL art, or at times merely called 'CONCEPTUALism', is a type of art wherein ideas and concepts take precedence over the traditional aesthetic, technical, and material concerns involved for the creation of the artworks. Taking into consideration the first examples of CONCEPTUAL art, such as the 'One and Three Chairs' by Joseph Kosuth, photos play the main role in creating such works. This piece consists of a wooden folding chair, mounted photograph of a chair, and mounted photographic enlargement of the dictionary definition of 'chair'. Here, the question put before the audience was which of the above presents the real or virtual nature of an object or phenomenon, here being 'the chair' In CONCEPTUAL art, it's the artist's idea that matters, not the artwork's object or theme. In fact, the CONCEPTUAL art endeavors to highlight the intellectual and mental aspect of an artwork that reflects the artist’ s intention. Nevertheless, such intention is not a clear, certain truth for the audience; on the contrary, any spectator can perceive a different meaning from the work of art or generalize its implicit concept. With the advent and development of diverse branches of new art between the 1960s and 1970s, photography was considered as one of the main mediums of the new art, particularly the CONCEPTUAL one, due to its ease of availability, the possibility of recording the real time events and thus bearing witness to the reality. Semiotics not only involves what we refer to as 'signs' in everyday life, but also anything which 'stands for' something else. In a semiotic sense, signs may appear as words, images, sounds, gestures and manners. Semiotics tell us that we live in a world of signs and so, understanding this world without identifying the existing signs and codes is impossible. Semiotics is the key to the cognition of a work. It is the solution to grasp the meaning (s) of artworks, helps comprehend the IMPLICATIONs, clarifies how symbols are created and what rules over them. Moreover, since photos are hard copy or digital copies of a real life subject, they themselves are considered codes which sometimes function as symbols and at times as indices and thus, play an essential role in conveying the concept and meaning of an artwork. The photo reminds works that have proceeded before and now an image is enough for its objective visualization and presence and frees the viewer from need to its presence. Due to the fact that in the contemporary era, photos are taken as one of the main mediums of replication, they have always been associated with and connected to the reality and hence, are sometimes categorized in semiotics as iconic or indexical symbols. Yet, such classification should not take the photo context as a separate, single entity. It seems that photos always contain a track of visible/concealed symbols of time conveyed through the recording of the reality. Through a survey of the significance of semiotics in CONCEPTUAL photographs, the paper at hand intends to investigate Pearce's theory regarding the importance of IMPLICATIONs in CONCEPTUAL works of art. The question here is: What role photography plays in conveying the IMPLICATIONs in CONCEPTUAL artworks? A review of the research studies conducted indicates that as photo is considered a reality oriented document, it is somehow a fixed company to CONCEPTUAL art. The study of theories of new Semitists like Saussure and Pearce as well as the IMPLICATION of reality in photos show that implicit and explicit IMPLICATION play an essential role in CONCEPTUAL art. Roland Barthes propounded such IMPLICATIONs as a 'significant achievement in the semiotic study of photography'. As a context, each photo can have a CONCEPTUAL and implicit meaning besides a unique, explicit one. It's based on the recognition of these two IMPLICATIONs, particularly the former one, that a photo should be examined. In other words, implicit IMPLICATION of a photo or an image is totally dependent on the mental structure as well as the earlier individual, emotional experiences of the audience and is thus a personal, rather than collective, experience which is different from others. Implicit IMPLICATIONs are manifold, while explicit ones are exclusive. Implicit IMPLICATIONs depends on the personal background, earlier experiences and understandings of the audience (interpreter) against any given written or pictorial context such as photo or painting. This research employs a descriptive – analytical method and in some cases field studies to examine the data collected from library sources and filed studies and comes to this conclusion that since photos are considered real documents, they somehow constitute the main part of CONCEPTUAL art. Moreover, as photos are the most accurate replications of real subjects, they are considered symbolical or indexical signs. As a result, they play an essential role in conveying the concept and meaning of an artwork. A photo reminds of past events and actions for which, the respective image sufficiently serves the objective visualization and consequently, eliminates the necessity for the real presence of the subject matter before the spectator. Due to the fact that a photo makes a silent, visual world for the audience, it does not impose its own perspectives on the spectator's mind. On the other hand, taking into account the fact all elements of photography are two-dimensional replications of daily, real life experiences, they are the best medium to employ symbols in CONCEPTUAL art because in this type of art, the main emphasis is put on the artist's ideas.

Correct understanding and familiarity with the Holy Quran, as a motivation rooted in the words of revelation and the life of religious elders, requires ability in many fields of knowledge, centered on Islamic and literary sciences. Meanwhile, some interpreters have analyzed the meaning of Khatam's miracle by using special but effective methods. Tanqim, or the use of rhythm and melody of words in reading and measuring the meaning of Quranic verses, is one of these methods. This is despite the fact that according to some, the phonetic-IMPLICATIONal use of melody in the Arabic language and, accordingly, the language of the Qur'an, is a new issue and has no history. The issue that prompted the present library research to identify the phonetic types and functions and the CONCEPTUAL IMPLICATIONs of melody in the interpretation of the Qur'an by describing and analyzing some verses of God's words. The present study found that there is an amazing order and coherence between the words of the Holy Quran and the meanings behind them. The songs and melodies of the verses of the Qur'an, in addition to their ability to have a wonderful effect and pleasing to the ears, have a complete connection with the concepts they contain, and the accuracy in their application becomes the basis for association and better understanding of the themes and intentions of the divine verses. Good consideration and careful attention to the consistency and stability of the phonetic and semantic system of the Holy Qur'an, which is the result of distinguishing between the ruling authorities of the word and the precision in choosing the song and melody that fits it in the monotonous three tones and intonation, upward and downward, is an efficient approach in understanding the Holy Quran and human beings with the words of God.

Introduction: The ethical dimensions of agriculture need to be explored, distinguishing between ethics in agriculture and ethics of agriculture. Ethics in agriculture is traditionally based on abstract moral theory, formulated through logical reasoning, but often found inadequate to address the complex ethical challenges within agriculture due to its abstract nature and lack of practical visibility. Conversely, ethics of agriculture is approached within a context-specific framework derived from the research topic with the aim of providing more tailored solutions. Materials and Methods: A comprehensive review of the relevant literature is conducted, using a descriptive-analytical approach to provide a CONCEPTUAL framework for understanding agricultural ethics. Conclusion: The article highlights the critical need for a comprehensive ethical framework to address the multifaceted ethical challenges in the agricultural sector. The importance of analyzing and resolving ethical dilemmas at all stages of agriculture is underscored in order to align practices with human ideals and to ensure ethical decision-making by stakeholders involved in agriculture.

The present study was conducted by examining the views of relevant experts and their exposure to child labor in Shiraz. Data were obtained through in-depth interviews and analyzed based on grounded theory. Ten axial categories and one core category were extracted from the coding process. The core category was developed under the title of "institutional passivity and sectoralism". The results of the research showed that the causal conditions such as incompatibility and institutional and managerial confusion, diversity of perspectives to the phenomenon of child labor and non-governmental organizations and indifference towards child labor has caused the emergence of this phenomenon. Intervening conditions include: negative representation and conflicting media activities, Inhibition of some domestic and international rules and laws and child labor of nationals and the problem of identification and identity. This central phenomenon is located in special conditions and contexts due to family pressure and starting the work process in childhood, child labor as an income generating industry, child labor as a source of financial support for the family and the unique opportunity for working children, and Shiraz's oppurtunities for immigrants. The type of encounter with working children in Shiraz has caused numerous consequences that can be seen Unreasonable increase of child labor of nationals, Failure to contain and control the problem of working children, lack of proper organization and social support of working children, Anonymity of working children and persuasion and encouragement of nationals to immigrate to Shiraz.

ABSTRACT Right to the city is one of the most important citizenship rights that can be reduced for women under different circumstances. In this mixed research, with in-depth and semi-structured interviews, a CONCEPTUAL model has been presented to explain the causal, contextual and interventional conditions effectively reducing women's right to the city. Then, with the structural equation modeling, the causal conditions affecting the right to the city have been investigated. Family, ethnicity, and physical and mental conditions were the most important background conditions that 32 women living in Ahvaz pointed to in order to influence the right to the city. Also, the participants considered politics and government institutions, law, and spatial policies as the most important intervention in the women's right to the city. City security, favorable actions with the city space, space-positive gender performance, and social welfare were among the most important causal conditions that the participants mentioned in increasing women's right to the city. Causal modeling showed that the most influential reason for reducing women's right to the city of Ahvaz is urban space security, followed by urban policies and designs. By multiplying the causal path, it is 0.84, followed by urban planning and design with a coefficient of 0.79. Governmental and executive institutions should pay more attention to women's right to the city through the establishment of better laws, the design of suitable spaces with individual differences, especially gender, and, of course, with an emphasis on women. The creation of safer places in the city for women while increasing the livability of the city for citizens improves women's rights in urban spaces Extended abstract Introduction The right to the city is a universal right consisting of several instances. Since the right to the city enables the city inhabitants to access and enjoy the urban life benefits freely, it is tantamount to the right to freedom. The right to the city, the right to freedom of building and rebuilding cities, is one of the most valuable and, at the same time, the most neglected human rights. Among governments, NGOs (Non-Governmental Organizations) and political activists in all scales, the right to the city is often conceived in a legal meaning. In this sense, the right to city includes a set of distinct rights to urban resources and services, shelter, public space, clean water, and education that must be available to all, regardless of social or economic status, the bearers of such rights are urban dwellers and their guarantor is the government. This legal conception of the right to the city emphasizes universal and individual rights in the global liberal institutional order. The ultimate normative purpose of a legal right to the city is that the government legally encodes and enforces the set of rights constituting the right to the city. Justice and equality have been considered since long ago; however, injustice and discrimination are still visible in cities. Among all kinds of injustices and discrimination, gender equality has been a subject marginalized in all ages. In Iran, the need for urban spaces for women in accordance with the civil needs of citizens in daily life is felt. In Iran, factors such as various types of urban violence and insecurity, which generally make women victims, have reduced the possibility and desire for their presence and participation in public. Because the spatial, temporal, official and unofficial divisions in the city have caused some spaces to remain far from the reach of women. In this research, we intend to deal with the most important factors that cause women not to enjoy one of their most essential human rights, which is the right to the city.   Methodology This research, which is practical in terms of purpose, has been done with a confirmatory mixed method; first, it tried to present the most important contextual, interventional, and causal factors effective in reducing the right to the city of women in the form of a CONCEPTUAL model by the approach of grounded theory, and then confirming the defined causal structure with the help of structural equations modeling. The population in this research is Iranian women who are exposed to gender injustice and do not have the right to a desirable city. Research participants have a deep experience of undermining their right to the city and are interested in sharing it and cooperating with the researcher. Sampling was purposefully selected from women with the least amount of the right to the city. The qualitative sample of the research was 32 people, and the quantitative sample was 420 people. Due to the mixed nature of the research and the use of the data-driven theory approach and, afterwards, structural equations to collect the data, the interview was used in the qualitative phase and questionnaires in the quantitative phase. The interviews were done in-depth, face-to-face and semi-structured. The open-ended interview questions were conducted in a calm environment without the presence of a third person, and the time of the interviews varied according to the conditions of the interviewee. The questionnaire used in the research has ascertained an instrument that evaluates the contextual and causal components and factors related to the right to the city in the form of self-declaration items. The data obtained from the interview, after being implemented in the form of text, were analyzed and classified with the help of directed content analysis. In order to investigate the causal structure of the right to the city, structural equation modeling would have been helpful. Analyzes were performed with the help of LISREL 8.8. To estimate the causal path coefficients, the iterated maximum likelihood method was used and the overall fit of the causal structure model of women’s right to the city was carried out by Chi-square statistic. And, of course, the most important fit indexes of the model, such as absolute fit indexes, incremental fit indexes and Parsimonious Normed Fit Indexes (PNFI).   Results and discussion Directed content analysis helped us to identify the factors reducing the right to the city and its subclasses of Iranian women. Conditions affecting women's right to the city are divided into underlying conditions, causal conditions, and intervening conditions. The most critical underlying conditions were family, age, ethnicity, and physical and mental characteristics. At the same time, environment security, urban actions, social welfare, and space gender functions constituted the essential intervening conditions, and politics, governmental institutions, law, and city spatial policies included the most important intervening conditions. Causal modeling also showed that the factors influencing women's right to the city are the most influential to the least influential in the form of (1) security of the city environment, (2) urban policy-making, (3) gender function of space, and (4) interaction with the city. Security is one of the most important and influential factors that can decrease or increase the right to the city for women.   Conclusion The right to the city, which is considered one of the most fundamental rights of citizens, is trampled or reaches its lowest level due to underlying reasons such as the gender of individuals or their families. In this case, women are more vulnerable than the men. In such a way, causal conditions such as environmental security or urban actions and, of course, welfare have made this gender difference in the use of city space deeper and more complicated. Meanwhile, the role of governments and sovereignty in legislation and policies should not be neglected to reduce the right to city for women. Our explicit suggestion is for governmental institutions and executive agencies to pay more attention to women’s right to the city through the establishment of better laws, the design of more suitable spaces in the city, the design of urban spaces away from any gender discrimination only with the view of equal access for all and the creation of safer places for the women living in Ahvaz.   Funding There is no funding support.   Authors’ Contribution All of the authors approved the content of the manuscript and agreed on all aspects of the work.   Conflict of Interest Authors declared no conflict of interest.   Acknowledgments We are grateful to all the scientific.

There are two approaches for simulating memory as well as learning in artificial intelligence; the functionalistic approach and the cognitive approach. The necessary condition to put the second approach into account is to provide a model of brain activity that contains a quite good congruence with observational facts such as mistakes and forgotten experiences. Given that human memory has a solid core that includes the components of our identity, our family and our hometown, the major and determinative events of our lives, and the countless repeated and accepted facts of our culture, the more we go to the peripheral spots the data becomes flimsier and more easily exposed to oblivion. It was essential to propose a model in which the topographical differences are quite distinguishable. In our proposed model, we have translated this topographical situation into quantities, which are attributed to the nodes. The result is an edge-weighted graph with mass-based values on the nodes which demonstrates the importance of each atomic proposition, as a truth, for an intelligent being. Furthermore, it dynamically develops and modifies, and in successive phases, it changes the mass of the nodes and weight of the edges depending on gathered inputs from the environment.